Neural Basis of Conciousness

Question: Write an essay on "Neural Basis of Conciousness". Answer: Consciousness is viewed as one of the 'far outskirts' in present day science. The marvel appears to escape all endeavors to logical decrease, and some philosophers contend that we may never have the capacity to uncover its actual nature. Amid the most recent decades, the subject has been taken up by neuroscientists, attempting to locate the 'neural corresponds of cognizance's (the NCC). It appears. Nonetheless, this is not illuminating the question in any genuine sense. What might we find out about cognizance if we knew what neurons or cerebrum structures includes? I think the answer lies in taking an alternate methodology than finding the NCC. Our beginning stage ought to be neuroscience itself, not awareness (which is somewhat not well characterized in any case). I have conceived a speculation about how wonders like outwardly guided conduct, visual consideration, visual memory and conscious visual experience may rise out of various neural instruments. This speculation can be tried (and encourage refined) with examinations utilizing alert carrying on monkeys and human subjects, doing electrophysiological recordings and electrical and pharmacological controls, and also mind imaging (fMRI/EEG) tests. On the off chance that upheld by these examinations, this speculation will uncover that awareness is not what we think it is currently. It is unique about consideration, working memory, reportability, or 'considering'. In some cases, we may even be outwardly cognizant without knowing it ourselves. Along these lines, this new approach in contemplating cognizance, motivated on neuroscience instead of brain science or rationality, may uncover the genuine way of cognizance. In any event, we will learn new things about awareness, not available through our contemplative instinct of it, or using test perceptions which take this ability as a beginning stage. The answer will be: Yes, neuroscience can uncover the genuine way of consciousness. What is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging or FMRI? Practical Magnetic Resonance Imaging or FMRI is a non-obtrusive method for imaging the actuation of cerebrum ranges by various sorts of physical sensation (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell) or action, for example, critical thinking and development (restricted by the machine). Consequently, FMRI sweeps are an inexorably standard instrument for "mind mapping" in subjective science. How Are MRI Machines Constructed? The development of MRI Machines has advanced to some degree throughout the years. Two variables have affected the advancement of MRI configuration; (1) the longing to upgrade picture quality and (2) The craving to make the scanners less binding for the patient/subject. The following are a portion of the configuration advancements acquainted with make MRI scanners less claustrophobic and permit the subject more flexibility for performing assignments while being checked. Figure 1 demonstrates a run of the mill MRI scanner where the subject almost encases inside the great container of the scanner. Figure 2 illustrates how architects the abbreviated the scanner burrow. Short-exhausted plans are less claustrophobic for the patient. These methods facilitate the feeling of incarceration, yet at the same time restrict the subject's capacity to participate in assignments. Stand-up scanners like the one appeared in figure 3 are more advantageous for patients and permit imaging in the ordinary disposition and weight-bearing conditions. The scanner is brought down around the subject, who sits on a customizable seat. Finally, figure 4 indicates open MRI scanners, which take into account a more noteworthy scope of the undertakings in issue and also facilitating the subject's feeling of repression. In spite of the fact that specifics of outline fluctuate, the essential components of an MRI scanner stay the same (See underneath). The scanner comprises a substantial magnet (blue) that makes the required attractive field. Magnet quality in MRI frameworks measures in units of exciting flux thickness called a "Tesla." A Telsa is sufficient attractive power to incite 1 volt of authority in a separate curl circuit amid 1 second of time for each square meter. 1 Tesla is proportional to 10,000 gausses, another measure of attractive power characterized as one line of authority for each square centimeter every second of time. Current magnet quality differs from 0.5-tesla to 2.0-tesla. Be that as it may, analysts created 3-tesla MRI scanners in the late 90's which are turning out to be more basic. To put those numbers in context, the Earth's attractive field is around 0.5-guass or .000005-tesla. Notwithstanding the primary magnet, there are additionally inclination loops (red). These slope curls are electro-attractive loops which experts use to adjust the attractive major field at exceptionally specific focuses and for unequivocally controlled times. Inclination curls can change to conform the machine for the sort of body material to image. Finally, MRI scanners additionally join radio recurrence curls which can send an engaged radio recurrence beat into the scanner chamber. Professionals can change the radio recurrence curls to modify for materials and body parts What does FMRI measures? When you say 'Brain movement,' numerous individuals first consider action maps created by functional, attractive reverberation imaging (fMRI; see figure 1). As a non-obtrusive braining imaging strategy, fMRI has turned into the go-to workhorse of subjective neuroscience. Since the principal papers distributed in the mid-1990s, there has been a blast of studies utilizing this procedure to study cerebrum capacity, from fundamental observation to psyche perusing for speaking with bolted inpatients or recognizing lies in criminal examinations. Taking care of business, fMRI gives unparalleled access to a point by point examples of movement in the sound human cerebrum; even from a pessimistic standpoint, fMRI could decrease to a costly generator of 3-dimensional Rorschach pictures. To comprehend the relative qualities and shortcomings of fMRI, it is fundamental to see precisely what fMRI measures. Without diving too profoundly into the low down (see beneath for further understanding), we w ill cover the rudiments that are fundamental for comprehension the potential and points of confinement of this ever prevalent and capable apparatus. "fMRI does not straightforwardly quantify mind movement." Above all else, power is the dialect of the mind. At any minute, there are an enormous number of modest electrical driving forces (activity possibilities) zooming around your mind. At synaptic intersections, these driving forces discharge particular chemicals (i.e., neurotransmitters), which like this adjust the electrical action in the next cell. It is the basic premise for neural correspondence. By one means or another, these procedures support each idea/feeling/activity you have ever experienced. Our test is to see how these electric occasions offer ascent to these wonders of the psyche. Nonetheless, fMRI does not precisely gauge electrical movement (analyze EEG, MEG, intracranial neurophysiology); yet rather it quantifies the strange results of neural action (the hemodynamic reaction). Strengths and Limitations of FMRI The huge point of interest of fMRI is that it doesn't utilize radiation like X-beams, figured tomography (CT) and positron outflow tomography (PET) filters. If done effectively, fMRI has no dangers. It can assess cerebrum work securely, noninvasively and adequately. fMRI is anything but difficult to utilize, and the pictures it produces are great determination (as itemized as 1 millimeter). Likewise, contrasted with the conventional survey techniques for mental assessment, fMRI is much more target. However, fMRI likewise has its disadvantages. To begin with, it's costly. Second, it can just catch a clear picture if the individual examined stays totally still. Also, third, specialists still don't totally see how it functions. FMRI measures of inhibitory control Inhibitory control in healthy people connected with a for the most part right lateralized system, including the IFG, ACC/presupplementary engine region (SMA) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and besides parietal and subcortical ranges, including the thalamus and basal ganglia.15,36,37 Experimental studies have given data on the particular commitment of these areas in actualizing inhibitory control. A late theory recommends that the privilege IFG, in inhibitory control, distinguishes behaviourally significant jolts (e.g., no-go or stop-signal boosts) in participation with the substandard parietal projection (IPL) and fleeting parietal intersection (TPJ) through its impacts on jolt driven consideration, which is a critical component of both go/no-go and stop-signal undertaking performance.1820 Given the nearness of the pre-SMA/dorsal ACC (dACC) to the engine territories, the capacity of this district might be reaction determination and overhauling engine plans.38 notwithstand ing frontal and parietal locales, the association of subcortical regions in inhibitory control entrenches through input circles that interface these areas with prefrontal and motor areas.15,36,39 As a broad premise of fMRI studies has reliably demonstrated that initiation in this corticalstriatalthalamic system is connected to inhibitory control in sound members, contrasts in mind actuation in this order amid the execution of inhibitory control standards in people with addictions in respect to controls can be deciphered as the nearness of neural shortages in inhibitory control in these people. FMRI measures of Error handling The essential part of the ACC in mistake handling proposed by ERP thinks about has been affirmed in fMRI concentrates on. All the more particularly, Ridderinkhof and colleagues24 recommend that the dACC/pre-SMA is reliably actuated amid checking of progressing conduct. A few specialists recommend that this locale screens reaction struggle or the probability of errors55,56 instead of mistake preparing as such. Two free meta-examinations have demonstrated that both reaction strife and reaction blunder enact the dACC.8,57 Functional MRI contemplates exploring mistake handling the further show that an active neural system coactivates with the dACC, including the respective insula, DLPFC, thalamus and right IPL.57,58 Functional cooperations among these locales have accounted for, particularly between the dACC and the DLPFC.59 Performance mistakes in the human cerebrum prepared by a neural circuit that broadens past the dACC and incorporates the insula, DLPFC, thalamus and parietal areas. This blunder making course all things considered screens and alter conduct when important. As the neuroanatomical substrate of mistake handling has reliably been shown in fMRI ponders in solid members, initiation contrasts between people with addictions and controls in this blunder preparing system might be translated as a neural correspond of conceivable error related shortfalls in people with addictions Conclusion fMRI is a standout amongst the most common strategies in intellectual neuroscience, and absolutely the most feature snatching. fMRI gives unparalleled access to the examples of cerebrum action fundamental human recognition, memory, and activity; yet like any strategy, there are critical confinements. To value these points of isolation, it is vital to see a portion of the essential standards of fMRI. References Baumgartner, R., Somorjai, R., Ryner, L. (2001). Are global methods appropriate for fMRI data analysis? An in vivo fMRI study of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of fMRI data. Neuroimage, 13(6), 74. Centeno, M. Carmichael, D. (2014). Network Connectivity in Epilepsy: Resting State fMRI and EEGfMRI Contributions. Frontiers In Neurology, 5 David, O. (2011). fMRI connectivity, meaning and empiricism. Neuroimage, 58(2), 306-309. Duncan, J. (2000). A Neural Basis for General Intelligence. Science, 289(5478), 457-460. Forrest, A. (2014). Conciousness altering drugs mans search for unreality. Res Medica, 0(0) fMRI, p. (2015). Concomitant physiologic changes as potential confounds for BOLD-based fMRI: a checklist. Gawda, B. (2012). Dysfunctional Love in Psychopathic Criminals: The Neural Basis. Neuroquantology, 10(4) Hriskos, C. (2005). Society for the Anthropology of Conciousness. Anthropology News, 46(7), 55-56. Lethbridge, D. (2008). Building Conciousness. Monthly Review, 40(5), 54. Neural basis of habituation. (2011). Nature India. Sad, B. (2010). Diffusion fMRI and BOLD-fMRI: Towards Better Understanding of White and Grey Matters Function. Front. Neurosci., 4. Sperling, R. (2005). fMRI features of AD: Distinguishing Alzheimers disease from normal aging and other dementias with fMRI. Alzheimer's Dementia, 1(1), S5.

Financing Elections Essay Example For Students

Financing Elections Essay Financing elections is one of the major and disputable problems that American politics face presently. Analysts became worried that the rising costs of campaigns distort elections in the interests who have the money. Also another problem that worried people and analysts was that the politics seemed to be leaving the realm of political parties, and those who had the money to afford expensive media campaigns won the privilege of governing us. Next reformers required and applied new reforms in the campaign financing. Many more people are concerned about where the money for campaigns comes from. This type of concern led to the laws that prohibit individuals from contributing large sums of money to specific campaigns. The assumption is that these individuals contribute huge sums of money in hope of some later benefit. Let me talk a little about history of reforms. Reformers put restrictions on campaign money for more than a century. In 1907, the Tillman Act prohibited contributions from corporations and national banks to candidates for federal office. Enforcement and further legislation to restrict campaign money were weak. for decades after that, until the Watergate scandal erupted before the 1972 election. Secret and illegal contributions had been made to Nixons re-election campaign in1972. Congress responded by amending a 1971 law that required reporting of campaign contributions and expenditures. The amendments imposed strict limits on both contributions to candidates and parties and spending by candidates in federal elections. An individual, for example, could give a maximum of $1,000 to a candidate for federal office and $20,000 to a political party. But the major change in the funding came with the case Buckley v. Valeo. Conservative New York Sen. James Buckley and liberal former Minnesota Sen. Eugene McCarthy challenged the law. They argued that the limits in the lawviolated their own First Amendment rights as candidates, as well as the rights ofcampaign contributors and political and other organizations. They filed suit against Francis Valeo, secretary of the U.S. Senate. An appeals court supported most of the law, and the challenge moved to the Supreme Court, where it was argued in November 1975. So what did the court actually decide? It ruled that the post-Watergate limit placed on the amount of money a candidate for federal office might spend was anunconstitutional violation of the candidates freedom of speech. Another provisionof the law, limiting the amount of money that individuals and organizations couldcontribute to a candidate, was deemed not to be unconstitutional, because it servedthe important interest of preventing corruption. Campaign spending by candidates, the court reasoned, was closely related topolitical speech, which the court has always given the highest level of FirstAmendment protection. Campaign money is spent on flyers, campaign advertisingand generally getting the candidates message out? are all political speech. While striking down the limits on campaign spending, the court said limits werepermissible for presidential candidates who agreed to the limits in exchange forfederal funding of their campaigns. Sources of campaign funds:So nowadays, generally, campaign funds come from the following sources: the candidate himself or herself, other individuals, political action committees, political parties, and public financing. In the prenomination phase of the presidential election, contributions come from three sources-individual contributions, PAC contributions and federal matching funds. PAC contributions play a minor role in presidential nominating politics than they do in congressional elections. In short, the sources of funds for the presidential primaries are basically individual contributions and public matching funds. Even as millions in contributions fuel the presidential campaigns of Al Gore and George W. Bush, both candidates say they want to reduce that excess of money next time. Even as the presidential candidates decry soft money (independent donations that support candidates without being coordinated with the candidates campaign) it still flows ever faster into party coffers. Both Gore and Bush have attacked the use of ?soft money?. Gore says he would do away with this kind of donation altogether, while Bush would only ban soft-money contributions from labor unions and corporations. This years elections are the most expensive campaign cycle in American history, with an estimated cost of $3 billion. 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EssayCritics say that because the Buckley decision left campaign spending unregulated,the demand for money in politics has increased uncontrollably, creating incentivesto get around the contribution limitsNonetheless, many organizations and scholars still argue that the First Amendment does, and should, prevent restrictions on campaign money. So for most of the part the issue of financing campaigns is pretty disputable and is going to be changed over the time for sure. Speech and Communication Essays

Reload free essay sample

The long-awaited sequel to Metallicas sixth full-length album, Load, has finally hit the shelves and in my opinion, is much better than its predecessor. Reload is not a completely new album, nor is it a bunch of remixes or cover songs. The songs on Load and Reload were to be released as a double CD set, but when the first half of the songs were complete (Load), the band was asked to go on tour with the popular Lolapalooza music festival, so the rest of the songs had to wait. The band makes it clear that these thirteen songs are not leftovers and I agree completely. The CD is packed to the brim with 76 minutes of everything from hard-core metal to slow rock,(which surprises me since a CD can only physically hold 74 minutes of digitally recorded music). The first track, Fuel, arguably one of the best, opens with the line Give me fuel, give me fire, give me that which I desire, a surprising use of proper English. We will write a custom essay sample on Reload or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At this point, the instruments all come in with a bang, going straight into fast-paced, hard-core metal. The song will surely be a hit, and will be released as a single. The next track, the first single off the album, is called The Memory Remains. This is somewhat slower and softer, but equally as good. This is a unique Metallica song in that it contains a guest vocalist, Marianne Faithful, performing two solos. Personally, I would have preferred a guitar solo in place of the vocals, but on a positive note, the solos add a new twist to Metallicas ever-changing style. The fourth track, like on most Metallica CDs is my personal favorite. I dont know why, but on almost every CD, they save the fourth track for the best, perhaps so you have to listen to the first three to get to it. Called The Unforgiven II, it is a sequel to The Unforgiven from the bands self-titled release. In my opinion, it lives up to, if not surpasses, its predecessor. It starts off with the same long guitar note, but then goes into a heavy solo. It contains some similar lyrics, although it is completely different. Toward the end, you can hear the main guitar riff from the original in the background, and if you listen carefully, you can hear I dub thee Unforgiven. At first, I thought making a sequel would ruin it, but was proven wrong. The rest of the CD is quite good, but the first four tracks are simply outstanding, of the quality to be listened to over and over again. This CD is another step in the evolution of Metallica, which started out as a small, cult band, scarcely followed and rarely taken seriously. Their music went from pure, hard-core heavy metal (the first of its kind) through a metamorphosis into musically creative art. You can see how the band has matured musically and will probably continue to do so, taking the music industry with it. .

Sample Essay on Request - Do It!

Sample Essay on Request - Do It!If you are looking for a job and want to impress the person reading your sample essay on request, your first step is to do some research. It might sound obvious, but it's not a guarantee that your work will be accepted by your potential employer. When people see samples of how other people have written, they get to see what others are interested in and what they are interested in. You can do this with a sample essay on request.It might seem like a waste of time to spend all that time writing samples, but it's important to do so if you want to land your dream job. When you give the information you have about yourself, you are showing them that you are willing to show what you can do. It is easy to sell yourself as a capable worker with all the skills that you have, but a sample on request is your chance to make your case.There are many ways that you can do this, but the most common is to write about your job. In fact, you can use any type of job you hav e done for inspiration, but here are a few examples of types of jobs:- Sales Job - As an example, if you work in a store, you may want to include a sales job. You can use the fact that the company is selling products and doing business with them to help you show what you are interested in. People usually like people who do well at things and are interested in them. If you have a great time working there, and you love working with the products and selling them, it would help your chances of landing that job when you give samples on request.- College Student - This one is pretty self-explanatory. Writing about your college experience can give you insight into what kind of person you are and also give you a chance to show off what you know. Show them how much you love the college experience and how excited you are to start college. They can choose what to show and let you make the decisions for yourself, but this is a good idea.- Medical Doctor - If you are a medical doctor, you can al so show what you can do and show your interest in helping people and getting along with them. Just like with doctors, this can also be a great way to gauge how you do in your field. Medical professionals are on the front lines, but with a little bit of leadership, you can be successful at whatever you do.There are a lot of ways to include information in a sample essay on request. You can write about just about anything you have experienced. Take some time to look at what the company has and choose what you would write about based on that.

Free Essays on Negotiating

One of the most important traits one can have in the world of business is negotiation. Job are lost and won through negotiation. After reviewing the sites listed, I found that all of them have their good traits and their bad traits. The art of negotiation is just that, and art form. Not everyone is blessed with good negotiation skills. The sites listed are good sites to get techniques from, which is always helpful. Barbara Braham’s site is very well laid out. There is nothing worse then a cluttered website with nothing but filler. Her site is laid out with all the basic advice and techniques right there on the first page. She also lists some very good advice. She breaks the art of negotiation down into ten focuses. She is pretty much dead on with most of them. One of the most important techniques she points out is to build trust. This is major when it comes to negotiating. If the person you are negotiating with doesn’t trust you, well, you are pretty mush wasting your time. No one wants to negotiate with someone they do not trust. The next site was the work911 website. I wasn’t a big fan of this site. I stated earlier that there is nothing worse than a cluttered website. This is very cluttered with too much filler. Additionally, the advice it gives is basic knowledge. It is not going in depth with the process. It basically just defines what negotiation is and goes through very basic stuff. Stuff so basic, in fact, that most people already have at least those skills. In order for the site to be informative and helpful to you, it should have advice and good understanding of negotiating. It shouldn’t just be filled with useless information that most people already know. Following work911, I moved on to Steven P. Cohen’s site. This site is very similar to Barbara Braham’s site. In fact, it states pretty mush the same stuff. The wording is a little different; the concepts are the same in most aspects. I think sites like this ... Free Essays on Negotiating Free Essays on Negotiating One of the most important traits one can have in the world of business is negotiation. Job are lost and won through negotiation. After reviewing the sites listed, I found that all of them have their good traits and their bad traits. The art of negotiation is just that, and art form. Not everyone is blessed with good negotiation skills. The sites listed are good sites to get techniques from, which is always helpful. Barbara Braham’s site is very well laid out. There is nothing worse then a cluttered website with nothing but filler. Her site is laid out with all the basic advice and techniques right there on the first page. She also lists some very good advice. She breaks the art of negotiation down into ten focuses. She is pretty much dead on with most of them. One of the most important techniques she points out is to build trust. This is major when it comes to negotiating. If the person you are negotiating with doesn’t trust you, well, you are pretty mush wasting your time. No one wants to negotiate with someone they do not trust. The next site was the work911 website. I wasn’t a big fan of this site. I stated earlier that there is nothing worse than a cluttered website. This is very cluttered with too much filler. Additionally, the advice it gives is basic knowledge. It is not going in depth with the process. It basically just defines what negotiation is and goes through very basic stuff. Stuff so basic, in fact, that most people already have at least those skills. In order for the site to be informative and helpful to you, it should have advice and good understanding of negotiating. It shouldn’t just be filled with useless information that most people already know. Following work911, I moved on to Steven P. Cohen’s site. This site is very similar to Barbara Braham’s site. In fact, it states pretty mush the same stuff. The wording is a little different; the concepts are the same in most aspects. I think sites like this ...

Integrated Marketing Communications 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Integrated Marketing Communications 2 - Essay Example As a result, classy, trendy and fresh branded outfits are the norm for this age bracket of which the importance can be judged by a statement from Branded- a book written by Quart, Alissa (2003) where she writes "Inspired by the commercialization of youth and also by the signs of resistance to it, I decided to write Branded. The term brand suggests both the ubiquity of logos in today's teen dreams and the extreme way these names now define teen identities."It is for this age group that our paper will look into the mechanisms of branding for a medium-sized company in order to ensure the success of the hosting company and its designer line among the growing market of the youths. One of the most noticeable apparel that a person displays is his or her dressing. This is in fact one of the primary concerns for most of the population especially for females in the ever more fashion and appearance oriented societies that we now live in (John 2009, p12). Moreover, there has been a tremendous leap towards the disposition of branded clothing during the past couple of years which means that companies nowadays are investing more resources towards developing, grooming and maintaining their branded clothes collection which ultimately find preference over the traditional unbranded attires. It is extremely important that companies undertake a well planned and thorough marketing activity to initiate their clothing line in order to be able to compete effectively in the market against other local and international clothing collections. Branding for the youth One of the most important ingredients of marketing that either make or break the designer line's name and his success is branding. The first step in any marketing activity is to identify the target markets which in our case are the youngsters'between the ages of 14-22. It is this age bracket in which the adolescents seem to be standing at an awkward age where neither they are too young to play with the toys nor have they groomed into adults. Understanding the target market, their way of thinking, their activities and the reasons for the true desire to embrace designer outfits with a knowledge of what the teens really want to wear and show off is tremendously important for framing the entire marketing plan and consequently developing the right brand name and image and positioning it in the way youngsters really want it (Knox 2004, p15). What is needed is basically to know exactly what the youth want and delivering according to it. The entire process of branding should focus on the you th and their needs and desires. Understanding the target market For the youth who are lingering somewhere between childhood and adulthood, the craving for dressing and clothing is more than the desire to eat. It is this passion for outfits ranging from classy to gothic to rib-tickling tops, bright primary colors and baggy or tight fitting pants that the medium sized firm needs to capitalize on in an intelligent and creative manner. (Corporate Image Marketing 2009, p1) Once identified with the overall target market, the company now needs to segment this age group on the basis of tastes, preferences and activities. Within the youth age bracket of 14-22, there are the party

In the order instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

In the order instructions - Essay Example Cassie visited the gym and asked whether or not Zak would like to buy a new rowing machine. She said that she knew that Zak did not generally order goods through his gym managers, but that this was a one-off opportunity to buy at a bargain price. Alex said that he would email Zak to see whether Zak did want to buy the machine. Alex could not connect his computer to the internet. Fearing that Zak would lose a good opportunity, he untruthfully told Cassie that Zak had approved the purchase. Zak has now told Alex that he will not be bound by either contract which Alex made. Zak already owns several spare sets of weights and the rowing-machine was very overpriced. Duncan, a customer of the gym, offered to buy an old display cabinet which was placed near to the reception area of the gym. Alex thought that the price which Duncan offered,  £200, was very generous and so he accepted the offer on Zak’s behalf. Zak is refusing to be bound by this contract as he has subsequently discov ered that the display cabinet is an antique worth about  £3,000. Four months ago Zak decided that the gym which Alex was running should have a carom billiard table. This was a new venture as none of his other gyms had ever had a snooker or billiard table. Zak agreed to buy a carom billiard table from its manufacturer, Billiard Ltd. The table was to have a heated cloth so that the billiard balls would travel across it more quickly. The billiard table was delivered one month later. Three weeks after delivery, the heating system intermittently broke down. Zak contacted Billiard Ltd, who said that they would send an engineer out to look at the problem. The billiard table had proved very popular and Zak told Alex to let customers keep playing on it. The engineer told Zak that the billiard table would have to be taken back to the manufacturer’s factory for repairs, which would take about five weeks. Zak said that he would have to think