Why Did The Textile Workers Union In The Southern Essay Example For Students

Why Did The Textile Workers Union In The Southern Essay United States SpreadWhy did the textile workers union in the southern United States spread so rapidly?The textile industry was, at one time, one of the largest industries in the south. Starting in the late 1800s with small local looms, and spreading to become corporations who controled the south and whose influence stretched internationally. One of the first textile industries came to Gaston County North Carolina, and its huge success led to the opening of mills across the Carolinas and Virginia. As these industries grew they began to control more and more of its employees lives. These huge corporations were permitted to take advantage of individuals because of their inability to fight back. The employyees of these mills lived in conditions resembling that of slaves before the civil war. They were worked greuling hours in inhospitable prisons called textile plants, yet were paid on average less than any other industrial worker in America. In the early twentieth century a sentiment of contempt began to grow between the laboring class and the all-powerful corporation. The masses began to push for union representation. We will write a custom essay on Why Did The Textile Workers Union In The Southern specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The importance of this industry is represented by the industries numbers. Textiles was the foundation of southern economy. In 1900 there were one hundred seventy-seven mills in North Carolina, but by the early nineteen twenties, that number had grown to over five hundred, with fifty in Gaston County alone. Textiles was a booming industry in the south. South Carolina employed only 2,053 people in the industry at the turn of the century, but by 1920 nearly 50,000 people worked in mills, one sixth of South Carolinas population. Virginias textile industry grew just as quickly with the incorporation of the Riverside Cotton Mills which had only 2,240 spindles and a mere one hundred looms. By the turn of the century the mill expanded and operated 67,650 spindles and 200,000 looms. Growth seemed to continue almost exponentially until the depression set in in 1929. It could easily be said that the depression was the cause of the ill will that the workers felt toward their employers. Although the mills seemed to be doing great, grossing sales in the billions of dollars, the working class in the mills were seeing very little of the industries success. Textile workers earned less than any other laborer, and in North Carolina average wages were the least. With the success as abundant as it was in the textile industry, it is no wonder that the laborers sought uninization since they were seeing so little of the profit at their end of the industry. In 1902 only one textile workers union had been created in Virginia was reported by the state Labor Commisioner. It had forty members, of whom none were employed (Smith 52). So, massive strikes were impossible to organize and because of this the workers had little leverage. There were still small local strikes that were mostly unsuccessful. One of which was reported in Mill on the Dan. When Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor visited Danville, Virginia where in response to their attempts to organize hoped to catalyze the endeavors. A single mill went on strike in a city that was supported by five others. The company did not compromize, and slowly the workers trickled back to their jobs. In 1929 the first notable strike broke out in Gaston County. This massive strike was preceded by a breif strike in nearby Mecklinburg County, and other smaller labor disputes in counties surrounding Gaston, but this strike, called the Loray Mill Strike, began the massive spread of unionization sentiment in the south. The year of 1929 marked the boom of the spread of unionization in the south, agitated by the success of the Loray Mill strike. .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .postImageUrl , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:hover , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:visited , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:active { border:0!important; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:active , .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6 .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub444d87eac78e3515b521f55193224d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kimberly Clark Case Study EssaySouth Carolinas, as well as Virginias industry executives were fearing the spread of this push for unization would spread across North Carolinas borders and into their states. Their fears were not unwarranted. The last major labor battle in textile south was in Ronoak Rapids, North Carolina between pro-union laborers and the J. P. Stevens Company where workers joined the TWUA (Textile Workers Union of America) and soon merged with the Amalganted Clothing Workers

Postoperative Recovery Advantages in Patients Undergoing Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery under Regional Anesthesia. by Suri. Article Review

Postoperative Recovery Advantages in Patients Undergoing Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery under Regional Anesthesia. by Suri. Article Review This review seeks to examine the article by Suri et al (2010) titled â€Å"Postoperative Recovery Advantages in Patients Undergoing Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery under Regional Anesthesia.† The purpose of this review is to investigate some of new insights that the article brings into the field of medical surgery. Additionally, the review examines the findings of the study and how it can help to improve or change the practice in health institutions, especially among medical professionals dealing with surgery. There are intriguing debated about the advantages of using regional anesthesia during minimal invasive parathyroidectom. In evaluating the extent to which general and regional anesthesia succeed as a method of conducting surgery, Suri et al (2010) assessed the post operative recovery advantages in these two techniques. Previous studies have established that carrying out parathyroidectomy under local or regional anesthesia using sedation has significant advantages, includ ing less postoperative nausea, pain, vomiting, and opiod analgesic requirements. Although these studies have found inextricable evidence suggesting the advantages of general anesthesia, recent studies indicate that it is possible to undergo these surgeries without inducement of general anesthesia.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Postoperative Recovery Advantages in Patients Undergoing Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery under Regional Anesthesia.† by Suri. Article Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suri et al (2010) purposed to discover some of advantages of regional versus general anesthesia. From the research article, the researchers found that patients undergoing parathyroid surgery under superficial cervical plexus block are more advantageous compared to when undergoing general anesthetic procedures. The study brings on board new insights to the theory and practice of medical surgery. Th e study suggests that patients undergoing regional anesthetic procedures usually experience fast rate of recovery after parathyroid surgery. The study’s findings confirm the results of prior researches, which have found that patients undergoing the general anesthesia experience quick recovery and get back to normal life faster compared to the ones undergoing general anesthesia. While some studies have suggested that patients were satisfied with both general and regional anesthesia with sedation, Suri et al (2010) found that the pain reduction was eminent in procedures where patients undergoing parathyroid surgery under regional anesthesia. The article shows that they consulted other existing literatures, which have investigated the advantages of applying general and regional anesthesia procedures. This is seen from a number of referral studies, which undertook to examine various anesthetic procedures during surgery. The sound and precise background developed by the researches gives a formidable platform to understand the subject under review. Although it is arguable that the article used previous studies to ground its theory, a review of the article shows that the researchers did not give the study a wide scope of coverage. It is critical for a researcher to set off a study from an extensive an extensive background, which forms the momentum for the study. According to the study, Suri et al (2010) found no significant difference between the general and the regional anesthesia procedures in terms of some of postoperative advantages , including the timing of pain, narcotic pain medication, and incidence of nausea, voice hoarseness, vomiting, or swallowing problems.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study reveals that although both anesthesia procedures involved in general and regional techniques had far-reaching postoperative ad vantages, the Suri et al (2010) found that patients undergoing bilateral superficial cervical plexus block recorded incidents of sharp pains. In conclusion, the research article by Suri et al (2010) utilized a relatively large sample that allows for generalization of the results. The confirmation of previous studies’ findings serves to show that the study remain in conformity with the research standards. Reference Suri, K. B., Hunter, C. W., Davidov, T., Anderson, M. B., Dombrovskiy, V., Trooskin, S. Z. (2010). Postoperative Recovery Advantages in Patients Undergoing Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery under Regional Anesthesia. Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 14(1).

Art and craft in school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art and craft in school - Essay Example vity and diversity of the students possess and a magnitude of respect by showing the strength of character and originality thus improving communication and creativity in school. The condition of the school environment reflects its style and character. Including art and craft in the classroom environment creates an engaging foundation of trust among the students especially during the crucial stage where the class activity acquires self-sustaining and viability (Tuttle & Silva, 2009). I discovered that art is an investment in the culture of the school and should be preserved for the benefits of the students. In reserving original and best art in the classrooms highlight a sense of power to the students. It revealed an increased in performance after allowing the students to decorate their thoughts in the classrooms. The activity increased communication among the thus showing that art boosts their thoughts and influences the culture for growth. Art also increases the quality of life in the school environment. Art has a manipulative ability as is different every time one sees it thus; many students associate art with the essential effort related with the artist thus generates the effort to succeed in their activities. (Paquette & Tuttle, 2009 pg113). Art increases a complete approach to diverse programs during school hours thus increasing the performance as many students labor towards the purpose of their achievements. Art is also used in the class to make an impact to the people in the society. Paintings created through learning process are donated to people as a way of giving back to the community. Students with various arts display their work and feel proud while people appreciate their effort thus igniting their efforts towards success. An art creates an opportunity for students with learning difficulties to express their feelings and boost their memory (Tuttle & Silva, 2009). Students with learning complications may have problems in recalling what they have

Wk 7 law enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk 7 law enforcement - Essay Example It is in light of this that advocates have pushed for the enforcement of laws as the basic requirement for security, rather than the enactment of law. But before laws can be enforced effectively, it is important to have human resource and personnel on the ground. This brings to discussion the issue of community policing as a mechanism of ensuring that law enforcement is enhanced at a localized status (Kelling and Sousa, 2009, p. 41). There is every indication that the presence of the community policing system has caused a lot of positive changes when it comes to the issue of dealing with crime in the area. If for nothing at all, statistics and available data suggests that the manpower in terms of presence of police personnel was increase from a total of fourteen (14) to eighteen (18). As resources were also made available in the form of the provision of logistics like close circuit television (CCTV) and signposts, the rate of crime reduced drastically (Kelling and Sousa, 2009, p. 45). A very strong highpoint is when the quantitative averages in number of serious crimes per work reduced dramatically upon implementation of the community policing interventions. There is no denying the fact that a lot of focus was placed on the prevention of drug related crimes at the intervention stage of the research. However, this could not be considered as a wasteful effort in any since as drug related crimes have often become the basis for several other crimes to be committed (Matisoff et al, 2001). It is for instance a fact that people who deal in drugs always have high demand for money. For this reason, they will be involved in other criminal offences such as robbery and stealing. Consequently, it becomes almost multi-variable approach to give drug offenses a lot of focus. In the light of all this, the study makes it clear that there were other forms of crimes that were also

Media and communication theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Media and communication theories - Essay Example The rate of online literacy is increasing day by day. People find different ways of communication. We send SMS messages, we leave the messages on answering machine if the person is not available on phone, we use search engines for surfing, we use scanners, and we create the websites, we communicate via mails to any person. The person from one corner of the world can easily chat with another person sitting at the other corner of the world just through the medium of the computer and internet. The person can share his opinions before the huge mass through blogs, website, pictures, and emails. The new media has occupied almost all the fields. It is the traditional media who sew the seeds of democracy among the people and it is the new media who taught the audience how to become democratic in real sense. Thus the audiences have become active and participative. Here in this paper the main focus is on the role of audience in media production as well as media consumption Communicating the huge mass or creating good rapport with the people has been the major need since ancient time. In ancient time the kings use to propagate themselves through the contemporary traditional media such as sculptures or by building monuments. In ancient India for example the Emperor Ashoka’s rock edicts and pillar inscriptions are the examples of the ruler’s attempt to communicate with the large number of people. The Roman rulers used wall posting including the imperial dicta to inform the public. They were types of news bulletins and were known as Acta Diurna (Daily Acts). Some historians considered them as the first newspapers. On the onset of industrialization the invention of the printing press changed the entire scenario and the newspapers started publishing and thus they became the major source of information for the people. Theatre and other performing arts also played the role of

Dollarization in Cambodia

Dollarization in Cambodia Dollarization occurs when a country uses US Dollar or other currency instead of or along with local currency. The picture of dollarization can be as follow: using dollar for bank Deposit, paying debt, buying goods and service, measuring national budget. 1 There are three types of dollarization: official, semi-official, and unofficial. Official dollarization occurs when a country use dollar as the legal currency instead of domestic currency. For example, Panama is the dominant official dollarization adopter. It has no domestic currency published at all. The second type is Semi-official dollarization. Some countries in the world use US dollar and domestic currency at the same time; in other word, they use bimonetary systems. This allows people to make deposit in US dollar, do some transaction, but it only act as second role in paying wage, tax, electricity, and daily expense. Adopting this system, the central bank can place its own monetary policy. Cambodia, Lao, and Haiti are the exam ples of semi-dollarized countries. Third, in unofficial dollarization, some countries majority wealth is hold in foreign currency and people can use US dollar substituting domestic currency either legally or illegally. In short, when a country uses other currency beside it own to substitute the three functions of the monetary, it is theoretically that the country has been dollarized formally, semi-formally or informally. 2. World Dollarization Implication There are two main aspects of dollarization. Dollarization is the subject of not only the economic or also of Politic. Economists think that money is only just public goods which consist of three functions: means of exchange, store value and unit of account and its purpose is only to ease the economic transaction. Dollarization is the symbol of the US power influence country money. The US aid for the reconstruction of Western Europe after the World War II and many other countries, the role of US in world stage became more important. Then after the abolishment of Gold Standard in 1971, the US dollar also became the main currency in the world. Because of shock of financial crisis, some countries adopt dollar US to reduce the risk and create stability. For, those countries adopting dollarization is only another term for fixed exchange rate compared to US dollar without much effort2. Comparing to developing country currency, it is more reliable, valuable and profitable in doing trade, st oring value, and making transaction. However, some countries use other currency with similar quality such as Germany mark, Japanese yen and now Euro in Europe. Beside economic value, money contains purchasing power which is the heart of politic. The power has distributed to the creator, the exchanger, and especially the controller. Thus, distribution of money does not only create hierarchy of people but it also creates hierarchy in the world.3 However, for some other countries dollarization is the heart of political interest. For instance, using US dollar in Latin America implies its dependence on US and also shows its inferior. East Timor adopt US dollar as its official currency to prevent Indonesian influence. In short, dollarization can be characterize into both economic and politics. Through both means the dollarization is becoming new influence of US in the world. 3. Dollarization in Cambodia Dollarization According to IMF the proportion of Dollar in economic circulation is 90% which is indifferent for a decade ago. In an article dollarization in Cambodia, and policy options on the way forward, Menon (1998) concluded that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦dollarization is not the problem, but is merely symptom. The problem (or the cause) is a lack of confidence in the riel, whilst the symptom (or the effect) is the use of another currency such as the US dollar.4 Dollarization in Cambodia is the result of both past and present economic and politic status. Dollarization in Cambodia is the direct legacy of the destruction of economic and financial Institutions after the 1970s, economic mismanagement in the 1980s, and the large inflows of US Dollars during the UNTAC period in the early 1990s5.Today, in Cambodia the US dollar still serves all three functions of money: it is widely used as a medium of exchange, store of wealth, and unit of account. The fact that dollarization is not the real problem but it is the lack confident in riel can be rooted as far as the Khmer Rouge Regime. In 1975 the revolution of Khmer Rouge took over the Cambodia politic and economy. influenced by the Marxism, to make Cambodia a communist country the Pol Pot abolish riel currency as well as stop the national bank operation and thus hope to fill the gap of the rich and the poor. Cambodian people lived in hardship without any personal business activity, any mean of store value or exchange, on private ownership. Fortunately, in 1979 the population was saved; however, this country returned to the state of traditional economy using barter system. Then, no t until 1980 did riel currency appear again. Experiencing shock in 1975 when their saving money became scraps in only days, Cambodian people later preferred to use other means such as gold, silver, jewelry for exchange. Most people used riel currency for only small transaction and not over 50$ saving. When the dollar was introduced again in 1990s, it is generally accepted along with previous gold and silver money. As much 1.7 as US million dollars has poured in Cambodia through UN peace keeping activity, the UNTAC6. This situation paved the ways of Cambodian economy depend on the stronger money US dollar and Cambodia was easily the most highly dollarized country in Asia, and one of the highest in the world The share of dollars in currency Circulation is highest in Cambodia, estimated at about 90 percent. Nowadays Dollar still plays major role in business transaction, and the major deposit in bank. The existence of dollarization in Cambodia is also expected to last. Another reason fo r Cambodia in accepting dollarization is just a pressure of its country as a developing economy. Even though Cambodia has done three decade or reconstructing the economy, reducing political and economic uncertainty, there are more actions to be done to get out of dollarization. While growth and political uncertainty greatly has been reduced, Cambodia remains a low income country with significant inequality and poverty, and some degree of political uncertainty remains. For example, political turmoil in 1997 combined with Asian financial crisis would have been more even more threatening to Cambodia if it had not been dollarized. 4. Conclusion As many states have problem in both economic and politic stability and weak monetary system people will consider using another currency which is more stable and valuable in most situation. In the serious case some countries do not have own currency at all but US dollar. As the US has strong monetary regime its currency impress those developing states to use US dollar; therefore, US may somewhat influence those state in both economic and politic. Some states may be dollarized in order to create financial stability; however, they are unsure what can US do with dollarization for politics. Cambodia is not the exception. Since 1970s and had been attracted to new currency US dollar in since 1990s. Until now, the degree of dollarization has changed only a little. Dollarization was injected so gradually that people get accustomed to it despite the government effort to de-dollarize in the last decade. Cambodia economic and politic problems still fuel dollarization existence. Next issue is to discuss the advantage and disadvantage in Cambodia. MC2: Situation of Dollarization in Cambodia Today and Its Cost and Benefit After the two decade of United Nation Transnational Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) operated peace keeping activity and introduce dollarization in Cambodia, with high economic performance with average two digits GDP growth and considerable political stability Cambodia should have come out of dollarization already. However, Cambodias economy is still highly and increasingly dollarized which urge the government to critically consider whether to de-dollarize by comparing its cost and benefit. The status of Cambodia dollarization today is not far different from the 1990s1. The dollar still serves three functions in this economy: making transaction, storing value and being used as unit of account. The cash dollar in circulation in Cambodia is 90% of all value of transaction which is similar as a decade ago. Dollar has been widely use for private sector wage payment, medium of international trade and also purchase large value products. Moreover, dollars also dominate the currency deposit as storing value instrument in Cambodia. According to the National Bank, the foreign currency deposit in broad money (M2) is accounted for 75% in 2006 increasing from 54% in 1998. Furthermore, 97% of bank deposit is in term of dollar. The recent increase in dollarization is the result of two main points the higher economic growth and recent political stability has contribute to more dollarization. When the investor think Cambodia is a good place to invest they will inject more dollar investm ent. In addition, the open trade economy also allows Cambodia to do more trade with other countries using dollar as medium of international trade exchange. Long before this happen the issue of dollarization has been discussed on cost and benefit but at this time it is even more critical to figure out that the cost of dollarization is more than benefit in Cambodia2. The benefit of dollarization in Cambodia can be encouraging saving, preventing capital flight, providing low risk of currency and exchange rate devaluation. First, the dollarization increasing saving when there is a better currency that is more reliable, therefore, people will tend to save in the bank in dollar to increase their wealth as well as lubricate the economy. Second, this also prevent hot money go out Cambodia in a short time of return from investment because investor still deposit money in local bank and transfer to their homeland at any time when there is high portion of dollar deposit in the bank. Last but not least, dollarization provides security from the risk of currency devaluation and exchange rate depreciation. When the local money face inflation or depreci ation the dollar holder will not worry about the value of asset they hold in dollar. On the other hand, those benefits are little comparing to cost of dollarization. First of all, riel is the national symbol of states sovereignty so using dollar is really affect sovereignty and national identity. Second, When Cambodia use dollar as dominate to riel currency, the national symbol has been eroded because the people do not trust their own government. Instead of get easily affected by local inflation, the dollar holder get easily affect by dollar instability especially in recent years. Thus, it means that Cambodia is somewhat dependence on the US federal monetary policy. Finally, dollarization make local monetary policy less effective, in other word, the central bank cannot use its own currency to fully stabilize price and economy. When government want to print more money it will not increase much in the economy because most of transaction done by dollar and the government also cannot co ntrol the interest rate since the most deposit is in dollar not riel. Government also cannot get inflation tax (print money to finance short term deficit but let go the inflation) to finance the government budget especially in hard time.3 Being unable to use inflation tax or seignior age to support emergency needs the government of Cambodia is estimate to loss seignior age to be $682 million at the end of 2004, with an additional $61 million lost annually. and especially in the case of paying the military, the Barry Eichengreen (1994): Money can be printed to pay soldiers, to purchase materiel, and to underwrite the other costs of a war of national defense without having to wait for tax returns to be filed or for a foreign loan to be extended. As the state sovereignty and being able to use own policy is very important the cost burden by dollarization above have already exceed the benefit. Thus it is time for Cambodian government to get more effort in de-dollarized campaigned despite the problem of lack of both commitment and capacity. In short, even though the economy and politic of Cambodia has improved the dollarization has not been eliminated but it increases because of the more free market mechanism. However, dollarization has impose more cost such as hindering Cambodia from using its own monetary policy, eroding national sovereignty and being not able to finance government budget deficit which is far more significant that the benefit such as creating price stability, encouraging save and discouraging capital flight. This is the high time for Cambodia government to respond to those issues. Cambodia cannot stay aside from dollarization as it shows the higher level. The Cambodia government has to show its commitment and strengthen capacity to combated dol larization either locally or regionally. MC#3: Policy Option for De-dollarization in Cambodia The government of Cambodia has realized that the current situation of dollarization in Cambodia has higher cost than benefit. The cost is that dollarization has weakened domestic monetary policy capacity to manipulate the financial and monetary system while the benefit has gone to price stability and trade and investment integration. The Cambodian government has; therefore, allowed the side effect of US federal policy to influence its economy for a long time either good or bad. Thus, it is high time for Cambodia to strengthen de-dollarization. There are two main procedures in de-dollarization which are domestic policy and regional policy. However, this paper will cover only the possibility of policy option done by the Government of Cambodia alone. The suggested policies to de-dollarized Cambodia economy are full dollarization, currency board agreement, and continue Interim policy reform. However, the latest seems most preferable. The first choice of Cambodia is to move forward to full dollarization following the precedential example in Latin American economy especially Panama. Adopting this policy, Cambodia has a great save in transaction cost, is easy to integrate itself in the regional and global economy by trade and capital flow and also maintain high price stability. However, full dollarization seems not the right choice for Cambodia. Since Cambodian economy does not closely related to US and thus it does not allow Cambodia to keep track with US economy easily. Moreover, giving up riel currency implies scarifying more seigniorage benefit to US and has no more ability to use own monetary policy as the lender of last resort of domestic commercial bank. Moreover, the government of Cambodia hasnt showed any commitment to turn to keep dollar as legal tender. The Minister of Ministry of Economic and Finance, Mr. Keat Chhun at the Launching Cambodian Economic Forum in 2006 said However, it should be seen that the Royal Government is now implementing de-dollarization. Our economy must be based on national currency, which should be based on a basket of foreign currencies and consistent with the integration of our economy into regional and world economy. It is not likely that Cambodia take a reverse policy from its commitment. Second policy is to create currency board agreement in Cambodia. A currency board is a monetary authority, unlike central bank, issue domestic currency that is always convertible to foreign currency at a fixed exchange rate on the basis of 100%. This means that if 1$ = 4000 riel, the currency board needs 10$ reserve to issue 40000 riel. The currency board makes profit by gaining interest from its foreign reserve by the expense of cost in circulating local currency. The advantage of CBA is the gaining of seigniorage benefit over the dollarization that makes country loss in that. Although Currency board seems a good choice but it need too much effort from Cambodia and also has side effects. There is an estimated that riel is 10% of the currency of circulation and the official reserve is triple of this which is equal to 30%. Thus, it means that Cambodia need to triple the reserve to collect all dollars in circulation. Therefore, currency board may lead to a mass government debt. Is there any other ways that Cambodia can get more official reserve? Finally, the last alternative for de-dollarization is to use interim policy. Interim policy is to set objective of de-dollarization in longer term and accelerate reform. In this approach, the government of Cambodia should left the monetary system as they are on the one hand; and increase macroeconomic stability which increase riel confident and demand as well as restore riel-friendly environment on the other hand. First of all, National Bank of Cambodia plays an important role in this policy. NBC is the last resort of loan of commercial bank, so NBC provide riel as a mean to refinance. Then Cambodia government should promote the use of riel currency as a mean of exchange with security and low cost. Last, the NBC can use Treasury bill to attract the riel financial market by providing higher interest than dollars saving. Beside the role of the bank, the tax policy reform is also taken into account. Demand of riel can be raised when there is obligation to pay all kind of tax in riel. Thus, when there is more tax collection in riel implies more demand in riel. Besides, the adaptations of existing institution that allow ease the dollarization is important. For example, the minimum wage law in Cambodia is indentify is dollar not riel and the most international organization operated in Cambodia preferred to pay salary in dollar only while in other country the government required the international organization to pay 30%-40% in local currency. Moreover, there are also surplus demands of riel in microfinance that cannot be fulfilled. it is estimated that microfinance industry demand Riel 120 billion in 2008, but the supply is not enough. Thus, it is important to resolve the dollarization-friendly-condition above by remove any status serve for dollarization although there is a certain portion in dollar paying in wage and salary and increase supply of riel in microfinance industry. One can criticized that Cambodian government has done a lot in reform for macroeconomic stability but the result is still high dollarization in today economy. Cambodia has enjoyed high growth, average two digit growth in last five year, despite the distraction from the global financial crisis in 2008, yet the there still the same dollarization. In addition, to restore attract demand in riel as a secure and low transaction cost currency is not good because the commercial bank has promote it by giving higher interest rate than dollar deposit already. The problem is not focus on what have Cambodian has done, instead it is important to know what else needed to achieve long-term goal of de-dollarization. Moreover, gradually de-dollarization process can ease the economy adaption. As result, when the Cambodia reach the macroeconomic stability the authority can take advantage of strong financial system to increase confident in riel and thus to de-dollarized. In conclusion, Dollarization in Cambodia is not the matter that easily to settle because there a high link between citizen who prefer dollarization as the result of being not confident in riel and weak financial institution and a high loss in the government who is the coordinator between those two. Among the suggested policy in de-dollarization which are full dollarization, currency board agreement and interim policy, the last choice is likely the best option for Cambodia because it respresent the appropriate capacity ot the states as well as allowed people to increase confident and demand in riel considerable. However, the previouse effort in this policy is not enough so Cambodia need a higher commitment and capacity in this policy. On the other hand, domestic policy alone may not enough to deal with the dollarization which is the result from capital and trade integration. Therefore, regional cooperation combating dollarization can be the future choice for cambodia. MC4: Subregional Cooperation in Dedollarization. Cambodia, Laos and Viet Nam have shared common characteristic as the newly emergence economy. Firstly, the three countries or so called CLV countries have transform from central planned economy to free and open market economy during 1980s and 1990s. Because of the experience of price instability, fragile monetary and exchange rate policy and the underdeveloped or non existence of financial market make all countries similarly tend to use Dollar alongside the local currency despite the different level of dollarization. Although dollarization has contribute to price exchange rate stability, it is not the good choice for them in longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term because the government has lost much seigniorage, benefit and also the role of last resort of lender of central bank. CLV has tried their own method to deà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dollarize to cope with shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ coming problems by their own reform so as to gain currency confident and also improving financial institution. Those policies seem to need much effort and time and CLV to achieve alone, therefore there is also another choice of subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ regional cooperation among CLV countries such as exchange rate regime and single currency area. For CLV cooperation in monetary and exchange rate policy to combat both depolarization and monetary system sustainability which includes price stability, financial stability and exchange rate stability, CLV have to create cooperation environment as a precondition. First, they have to create a network of policy makers, economist elites, officials, and researcher from all level of government and financial institution to take close surveillance on CLV economic performance and discuss the possibility of new policy. Moreover, the networks should make a regular meeting information exchange, checking progress and also make consultant the possible area in economic integration in the region. Secondly, CLV countries should create strong connection of capital market among them. There are two possible alternatives for this. The Viet Nam should allow the Cambodian and Laos company to list it stock market or the CLV can create common bond market of CLV subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ region. To develop capital market in CLV countries they also need to make a joint regulation and supervisory to ensure transparency to investors and they need to reduce foreign exchange restriction among the three countries to reduce exchange rate risk among investor too. After achieving the above precondition in monetary and exchange cooperation above, CLV have two choices which are exchange rate cooperation and monetary cooperation to multilaterally combat dollarization. First of all, consider the possible of future exchange regime in ASEAN+3 in the East Asian economic community, the CLV exchange rate cooperation can be pilot project of the bigger picture of cooperation. CLV countries should consider the joint peg of currency to Dollar or currency basket of currency famously Dollar, Euro and yen while the weight of currency depends on the trilateral discussion. This common peg to Dollar is a good choice for CLV countries because of several reasons despite some difficulties. First, the stable exchange rate to Dollar has showed the strength of currency against outside fluctuation thus gain credibility of currency. Second, CLV already adopt restricted fluctuation of currency against Dollar and those main trading partner, China also already peg to Dollar. By doing this the three countries will have less transaction cost in changing their currency to Dollar when they are doing trade and at the same time their currency will get confident from people since it is stable with Dollar. On the other hand, when CLV peg to the basket of currency including Dollar, Euro and Yen, the CLV country can reduce risk when there is currency shocked in US. Instead of rely solely on exchange rate stability with Dollar, CLV reduce the risk by depend on two more major economies, Europe and Japan. There is no correct proportion of the three currencies in the currency basket, yet it depends on the economic relation of CLV to the Gà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3 (US, Europe and Japan) and also their own negotiation. Besides, CLV can move further to subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ regional currency board which ensures the stronger peg to foreign currency thus they get more seigniorage benefit. However, they need much more effort to achieve this. First, they have to create a stronger cooperation in coordinating currency policy. Second, they need more foreign reserve to run currency board and it needs high legal endorsement to get people use local currency. In addition to cooperation in Exchange rate regime, it is also important that CLV cooped to create monetary regime. The CLV common currency is a long term goal they require many effort from CLV to improve the credibility among public of currency as well as effective institution to handle the transitional change of currency and strong political will of CLV leaders. Besides, the CLV currency area can be established only after the Asian Currency Unit (ACI)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is similar to European Currency Unite, has been created in ASEAN+3. When there is common peg to ACI in ASEAN+3 economy, the CLV will change to peg ACI and they can create their own subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ regional common currency in lower level to increase their voice in ASEAN cooperation, in addition to the benefit for Exchange rate regime. However, some scholar suggests this option is difficult to achieve at least in short and medium term because there are many political sensitive issue to overcome, weak institution, and flexibility of people. In summary, in order to cooperate with each other so as to deà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dollarize their economy CLV countries has to two choices of Exchange rate regime and single currency. Those policies are only achievable when CLV countries have strong foundation of cooperation in critical are such economic consolation and information sharing, joint assessment and so on. They can more benefit from this cooperation rather than taking action individually however it is only longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term goal for them. In prospect there is still possibility to get out dollarization when CLV are determined enough in cooperation. MC#5: Dollarization and Implication of Financial Architecture Reform Cambodia among CLV is solely dollarized countries in the world which face the problems. Dollarization is the common problem in developing countries such as Latin America also. Thus the case of dollarization in Cambodia can also reflect the situation of the change of financial architecture that affect the financial and monetary system in the world. Dollarization is the symptom of weak ability of domestic financial structure, historical price in stability and political problems urges people to use foreign currency. While the government the seigniorage benefit and role of last resort of lender the people enjoy the stability of money in deposit as well as trade and investment. Rooted from the globalization there are three main debates in global financial system: Does dollarization good for developing country? Should states liberalize people choice in using currency they like or impose people to choose national fiat money? Should IMF play important role in the world exchange rate stability? Does dollarization good for developing country? Dollarization can give price and exchange rate stability in low cost in most emergence market economy. Hanke recommend developing countries to use dollarization in case that the states do not have strong monetary and fiscal policy to tighten currency value in long term should use dollarization as monetary institution. The above idea is not raised by him alone some scholar also propose choice of dollarization because of several reasons. First, considering the financial and dept crisis during 1980s and 1990s in much part of the world and thus leads to increase of high inflation, currency devaluation and mass capital outflow by foreign investors. When developing country dollarization they can stabilize the currency, exchange rate. When those countries use a high confident and good quality currency like dollar in economy is no possibility of a sharp depreciation, and sudden capital outflows because of investor unconfident is also omitted. Second, dollarization can highly reduce transaction cost and integrate developing economy closer to US. Thirdly, the stability of dollar in the economy as currency in developing countries will encourage people to save more and foreigner to invest more. However, dollarization is costly. Government of developing countries need to scarify seigniorage benefit in dollarized economy and the Central bank losses its role of lender of last resort to the commercial bank in case there is liquidity problems. Moreover, the states will lose its sovereignty in term of monetary policy and exchange rate policy. Thus, it is a critical decision to whether or not to dollarize in developing countries because they have to compare the benefit of dollarization the cost to bear it as well as balancing the internal risk with external risk. Should states liberalize people choice in using currency they like or impose people to choose national fiat money? According to Laurence H. Meyer, a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System when there is more global financial integration the government should increase role in market discipline, regulation and also supervision in money and also exchange rebate. The states should improve the international capital standard, market discipline. The state has monopolized the authorization on Money discipline by introduces national currency to show the selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ help system in term of currency and also gains seigniorage benefit. However, Randal Krozner, an economist at the University of Chicagos Graduate, rejects the role of government in currency circulating. He claim that private regulation found in private actors such as clearing house, credit rating agency, trader, capitalist investor, and others has provided stability and innovation because they work closely to financial and currency market. He advises that the government should reduce the intervention in the financial and monetary system and let the dynamic private sector to regulate the system. In short, while some scholar support government role in regulation the currency market, some ot

Biography of Moses Essay -- Biographies Bio Religion Judaism

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Main focus will be on Moses. He was the greatest prophet, leader, and teacher of Judaism. By focusing on Moses, I’ll incorporate the importance of certain passages that prove the Old Testament; and show how Moses’ role was significant and essential to the Hebrews. Moses 1400 B.C.E In a nutshell†¦ Moses was born in a very difficult time: Pharaoh had ordered that all male children born to Hebrew slaves should be drowned in the river (Exodus. 1:22). Moses’ mother hid him for three months, and when she could no longer hide him, she put him in an ark and placed it on the river where Pharaoh's daughter bathed (Ex. 2:2-3). Pharaoh's daughter found the child and had compassion for him (Exodus. 2:6). Although Egyptians raised Moses, the compassion he felt toward his people (the Hebrews) was so great that he could not bear to see them beaten by Pharaoh's taskmasters. One day, when Moses was about 40 years old, he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew slave, and he was so outraged that he struck and killed the Egyptian (Exodus. 2:11-12). Both the Hebrews and Pharaoh condemned him for this actions, and Moses was forced to flee from Egypt (Ex. 2:14-15). G-d appeared to Moses and chose him to lead the Hebrews out of Egyptian slavery and to the Promised Land, Israel (Ex. Chs. 3-4). With the help of his brother Aaron, Moses spoke to Pharaoh and triggered the plagues against Egypt (Ex. Chs. 4-12). He then led the people out of Egypt and across the sea to freedom, and brought them to Mount Sinai, where G-d gave the people the Torah; and the people accepted it (Ex. Chs. 12-24). G-d revealed the entire Torah to Moses. The Torah includes the first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) that Moses wrote as G-d instructed him. It also includes all of the remaining prophecies that would later be written down in the remaining books of scripture. Furthermore, it contains the entire Oral Torah the oral tradition for interpreting the Torah, which would later be written down in the Talmud. Moses spent the rest of his life writing the first five books, essentially taking dictation of G-d. After Moses received instruction from G-d about the Law and how to interpret it, he came back down to the people. There he found the Hebrews idolizing a golden calf. This is a very significant story in the Bible. It show... ...nomy. According to some, Moses wrote the last few verses from a vision of the future, but according to others, the last few verses were added by Joshua after Moses’ death. Moses’ position as leader of Israel was not hereditary. His son, Gershom, did not inherit the leadership of Israel. Moses’ chosen successor was Joshua, son of Nun (Deut. 34:9). Moses was 120 years old at the time that he died (Deut. 34:7). That lifespan is considered to be ideal, and has become proverbial: one way to wish a person well in Jewish tradition is to say, "May you live to be 120!" As important as Moses was to the Children of Israel, it is always important to remember that Moses himself was not the deliverer or redeemer of Israel. It was G-d who redeemed Israel, not Moses. Moses was merely G-d's prophet, His spokesman. The traditional text of Passover does not even mention Moses’ name. In order to prevent people from falsely worshipping Moses, his grave was left unmarked (Deut. 34:6). Bibliography and Resources: †¢ Fields, Lanny B., Barber, Russell J., Riggs, Cheryl A. The Global Past. Bedford Books, 1998. †¢ Reilly, Kevin. Worlds of History. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004 †¢ The Internet

Having Read Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the section of the book in which Lennie kills Curley’s wife Essay

Having Read Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the section of the book in which Lennie kills Curley’s wife, and having watched the same section of the film, do you think that the director made a good job of translating Steinbeck’s words into film? What did you find particularly effective in the film, and what would you have done differently? After having read a small section of the novel ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck and then having viewed the appropriate section of the film the questions above will be discussed and answered in this essay. It will become clear that the director of the film has portrayed the characters on-screen in an effective and clever way, in that he retains the good positive things about the characters. The director has portrayed the film in a certain way from the novel and also has adapted some new ideas to make his film more of a success. I will look at these ideas and sections under camera, sound, lighting, editing and characterisation. Later a section will be written on the differences between the film and the novel; you will come to understand that the information on the choice of characters and the way that they have been translated to the screen, the two main characters we are studying are very differently perceived by the director and these are for reasons, they will be looked at in detail. The evaluation will be the final section, here there will be some alternative ideas of improvements which could have made the film a better representation of the novel. I will also look at the effective and ineffective things that happen in the film and look at them in detail. I will finish the evaluation with a summary of my answers to the title questions. In the section of the essay below, the film will be deconstructed to find out what all the individual technical parts do to make the film effective. The following areas will be considered, camera, sound, lighting, editing and characterisation. Firstly the camera angles and shot types used in this film have been specially chosen by the director, they have been used to great effect in the translation of the novel to the film. They make the film a much more enjoyable experience. In the film section George – Lennie’s fellow work partner and best friend – is the first character we meet, the camera focuses on him and pans across the screen following him in a medium shot. By seeing George first we realise that George is a significant part in the main story of the novel (but not in this particular section). We enter the great barn to see Lennie in a very unhappy and depressed mood, holding what we learn to be a dead puppy. The puppy has only just been killed by Lennie in an accident whilst playing. The camera tracks towards Lennie and his face and upper body appear in a close-up shot. This shows the emotion he is feeling about the death of the dog and with a close up we realise that Lennie is not in a stable m ind. Later in the scene inside the great barn Curley’s wife is sitting next to Lennie on the remaining wisps of hay and is talking to him. The camera is an over-shoulder shot – this is where we see what is happening as if we were looking over a character’s shoulder. The camera deliberately looks down on Curley’s wife and looks up at the big imposing figure of Lennie. The camera does this to Curley’s wife as she (in the film) is designed to be a very innocent and angelic character. By looking down on her we realise that she is weak and feeble and the viewer is meant to feel sympathetic towards her and her feelings. Lenny however is a big, fearsome character. He is, however, very childish and has several serious learning difficulties, he does though come across as a big strong man – which he is – and this is meant to worry the audience when we look up to him in this way. The type camera used in the film when Lenny ‘kills’ Curley’s wife does a very good job of following the characters around the room as they are struggling in vain desperation. The camera cants j ust before Curley’s wife’s neck is broken and this shows the struggle very well. The effect of the cant is to make us realise how terrible this struggle is. When Lennie is next to her body talking to himself about doing a bad thing he is startled by a white bird (possibly a pigeon) flying straight up towards the roof. The camera looks straight down on the three entities as the bird flies up and this high angle shot makes the bird look like the soul of Curley’s wife flying off up into heaven like the angel she is portrayed to be. A final point on the camera is that when the two characters are in the barn alone what we see is a closed frame shot. This shows the closeness of the two characters. As Lennie rushes out of the barn after killing Curley’s wife he goes straight outside into the dazzling light of day, onto the field in a hugely open frame, long shot. This contrast shows us that he is free when he leaves the barn. He then runs of towards the horizon and the camera tracks and follows him. In this section it will become clear that the sound effects in the film add a lot to the viewing pleasure and that they make the film what it is. Without sound the struggle and the conversations would make no sense to those watching . It is important to remember that all the sound used in this section of the film is digetic- this means the characters hear everything that the audience hears and no extra added sound such as music is added. The fist character we hear speak directly is Lennie. Lennie is a very unintelligent person and the audience has been made to understand this through the repetition of words such as, â€Å"tend no rabbits†. This is also grammatically incorrect which show his obvious lack of intelligence. The noises Lennie makes are very childish and the assumption is that the audience will sympathise with Lennie, even though he has just killed a puppy. The digetic sound we hear is an excellent guide to the emotions that the director wants us to hear. A very important point about the sound effects are that there is no non-digetic sound at all from either inside or outside of the barn. The director has made sure that in this section of his film we hear only what the characters can hear. This makes the atmosphere tense and exciting and really involves the viewer. It is also important to remember that throughout the whole clip there is no specifically recognisable dialogue from outside of the barn. This is important because as we see a lot of the action outside and hear the cheers and clanging of metal we never hear voices. This shows that the main focus to the scene is inside the great barn and not outside on the field. Having no soundtrack to the clip makes the scenes feel more realistic but it also helps to build up the tension to create a particular mood. A further interesting point which has been specially chosen by the director is that when the puppy’s neck and Curley’s wife’s neck are broken we hear exactly the same sound. This doesn’t add much to the film but we feel upset that Curley’s wife has died after the puppy has so tragically died as well. The lighting used in the film creates a particular effect – rather like the sound does – it helps us understand the setting, characters and the mood that the film is meant to have. The most obvious point to make about the lighting effects in the film is that when Lennie is inside the great barn we see what is meant to be natural light coming through the cracks in the wooden walls. Unfortunately the light doesn’t look natural but by coming through the individual cracks it helps to create a brilliant design of a prison cell, in which Lennie is trapped and can’t escape. When Curley’s wife enters the barn she is backlit. This makes her white dress look almost unnaturally perfect. By being backlit the viewer understands the innocence of this character. During the struggle there is not much light other than the prison bar effect but as soon as Curley’s wife dies the barn is filled with bright light – this is visible when the bird flies off up to the roof. When Lennie leaves the barn after killing Curley’s wife it becomes very dark until he opens the door and the bright light shines on him as he leaves. This painfully bright light makes us realise how dark it was inside the barn. This is a very effective technique that the director has used very well in the film. The editing in a film is a very important factor. With a good edit to a scene it looks almost lifelike – as if you were there. By showing certain characters in a certain way and by introducing them to us in a friendly or unfriendly way we get to know the character better. George is the first character to be shown in this scene. We know that he is important as he looks very relaxed but also because the camera pans following him ignoring the other characters. By following George and watching him we are sub-consciously drawn to like him. As he is smiling when we are first introduced to him a nice pleasant image of George is pictured in our minds. The first time the camera focuses on Lennie it moves to a close up, this makes up sympathise with him. He has killed the dog and is very upset about this. The emotions of Lennie make the shot very upsetting but peaceful. The audience is deliberately drawn in to feel sorry for Lennie and not anger at his killing of the puppy. This has been used by the director, almost what the author of the novel would have wanted. During the conversation between Lennie and Curley’s wife the camera shots start of as mid-shots but eventually work up towards being close-ups. Whilst the close-up shots are taking place the length of each shot decreases; this shows the mounting tension caused by the two characters. Having quicker shots forces the audience to think something bad is going to happen even without a soundtrack playing. After Lennie kills Curley’s wife he heads out of the barn and out into the countryside. As Lennie is considered to be a loner he has been deliberately separated from the rest of the group of men by a fence at the edge of the horseshoe field. This deliberate separation is effective in creating the image of a desperate man in our minds. The final section of analysis is on the characterisation in the film. Gary Sinese who directed the film (and also played the part of George) has carefully chosen the people who would suit each of the roles properly. He has decided what costumes the actors will wear and also what the characters will look and sound like. Lennie is wearing several layers of clothing, which are dark, dull, depressing colours. The blue jacket Lennie wears is an example of this darkness. Lennie also has very dirty teeth and is bald. The director may have chosen Lennie to look like this for a reason. Do people perceive people with learning difficulties as dirty and bald? If this is the reason why Sinese has chosen the characters to look this way he has done a good job in translating the novel to the film. Lennie is also very repetitive in his choice of language which makes him sound very uninteresting and unintelligent. He is very basic in his use of words which can prove this. Sherilyn Fenn, who plays the part of Curley’s wife does a very good job of portraying the character. She wears a white dress and even has white shoes on. This is a big indication that she is meant to be an angelic, sweet character. We sympathise with her for this reason. She is a very fragile person and she often fiddles with her clothes as though she is uncomfortable. There is an intentional contrast between her and Lennie. She is very different in the film, from the book. There are many differences between John Steinbeck’s novel and Gary Sinese’s film. Although they share the same title; have the same characters; the same setting; the same storyline and share many points of accuracies the differences can easily be spotted. The most important difference is a very deliberate one – the depiction of Curley’s wife in the novel is one of a very greedy, selfish, self conscious person who acts more like a spoilt child; in the film however Curley’s wife is a very angelic, innocent, pure woman who looks as though she is frail and this would make the audience sympathise with her. The reason, I believe why Sinese opted for this style of Curley’s wife is that the whole reason the film was being made was to make money. If the main female character in the film was shown to be very negative then very few females would want to see the film, this would make the film earn less at the Box Office. For a similar reason to the one stated above the section where Curley’s wife confides in Lennie about her dislike of Curley and her hopes for what she could have gained, had she been in the pictures. By being such a self centred character it shows a very negative image. The portrail of the characters in the book shows that Sinese thought very carefully about the actors he wanted to use. The people he used are almost what you could have pictured in the book – apart from the obvious differences with Curley’s wife. The director has made good choices, especially with Lennie as John Malkovich plays the dyslexic killer very well. The facial expressions that he uses match those perfectly of what you would (unfortunately) associate with the less mentally abled. Having deconstructed the film in the pages above I will now try to consider the answers to the questions in the title. I will consider the mood the film creates, the way it shows the characters and the general differences between the novel and film section. I think that the film version of Of Mice and Men is a very cleverly worked out representation of the film. The film may not be entirely accurate but it is a very well worked piece of creative filming. The character of Lennie has been very well translated and shows a very good understanding of the principles of his character. Gary Sinese and John Malkovich have worked well to create the mentally disabled character and to make him look real. When the viewers watch this piece they could feel that they are in the film with Lennie as the portrayal of him is so accurate. I think that in the film, having the constant changing of scene between the inside of the barn and the outside field makes the viewer see what the world outside of Lennie is really like. In the novel we only ever ‘see’ Lennie inside of the barn and get some description of the outside. By letting us see the outside it makes us feel that we understand the film more and understand the segregation of Lennie from the group of men. This idea to let us see what the ‘real’ world is really like is a very good addition and it works very effectively. The section of the film where Lennie kills Curley’s wife is too short – it makes it look like breaking someone neck is easy. In fact the film shows Curley’s wife screaming just seconds before her neck is broken, it would take longer than this, especially with the way Lennie is holding her. It could have taken up to half a minute. For this reason I don’t think that this part of the novel has been well changed into a film. If the struggle had gone on for longer it would have been more realistic which although this is based on a novel it still is real life. This section has not worked as well as it could – and most probably should – have and therefore I feel that it is not as effective as the other scenes! The changes that have been made from the text to the film were on the whole necessary to make the film any kind of success. The complete make over of the character of Curley’s wife is a very important clue that Sinese wanted to make the film suitable to both sexes. Some changes like the absence of Lennie throwing the dead body of the puppy across the room were, in my opinion for the worse. The throwing of the dead dog’s body across the room showed us Lennie’s viscous power which he did have. By leaving it out it is more of a surprise when we find he kills Curley’s wife on the screen than it would have been if we had visually seen his anger previously. If I was to direct a remake of this film there would be several things I would change. Firstly I would make Curley’s wife appear as accurately as I could and make her a perfect representation of the character in the book. If this stopped some female viewers from watching I wouldn’t be too disappointed as the film would not really make much money at the Box Office anyway. By making Curley’s wife a real portrayal of the book it would have made the story more interesting and would have made the relationship between her and Lennie clearer. I think that this would have been a good addition. Also if I was to change another thing it would be the costume that Lennie wears. If we are meant to sympathise with Lennie it seems a lot harder to do with someone wearing dark, dirty clothes. I have agreed that this shows his character but in essence the director is trying to put across to different types on Lennie and he fails! Finally I will answer the title questions! There were three main questions to discuss and answer and my summary is below. I think Gary Sinese did an average job of translation Steinbecks novel into the film. He left out whole sections and completely changed some of the characters but still managed to capture the atmosphere of the novel and in particular managed to understand the character Lennie very well. I found the switching of the view of inside and outside of the barn very effective as well as other things such as the bird – acting as Curley’s wife’s soul – flying off up into the roof. I would have changed the character of Curley’s wife and the look of Lennie’s clothes as his appearance is very shabby.

Thesis Papers in Education

Thesis Papers in Education Thesis Papers in Education Thesis Papers in EducationStudents should learn the most important lesson what the time management is. Moreover, the practical knowledge will be of some help, when you start writing a thesis paper. They need to be especially attentive while writing thesis papers in education. The process of writing includes structuring the parts of the research findings, collecting the relevant information, writing and editing drafts and formatting the research paper. The division of all these processes into the separate parts may help students write thesis papers in education in time. If you manage to get the writing process settled, then you will have enough time for research and preparation of visual aids, appendixes, and supportive documents. You may also read great articles on thesis format, thesis methodology, and thesis ideas to get a better understanding of thesis writing process.Thesis Papers in Education: Topic SuggestionsEducation papers may be written on different topics and levels. W hat makes this type of thesis unique is that students often get lost in choosing the subject for their research. Of course, there are many writing companies, which claim themselves the best in writing assignments, but first thing to remember while choosing online helper is to make sure that there are no negative feedbacks about the company. Here are several topic suggestions you may find useful:Reading and WritingMulti-Age EducationDistance Learning EducationPhysical EducationSpecial EducationThesis Papers in Education: Writing TipsOnce the topic is chosen, your next step is to narrow the topic, to single out certain questions concerning the aspect which is interesting for you: history, statistics, practical research and so on. For example, you choose the following topic Distance Learning for handicapped people. You can trace the most significant issues related to this topic: group handicapped people by their disabilities, write about various conditions for teaching, programs of edu cation, curriculum and other things. The question chosen for the research should be interesting and raise some disputes. However, if it has been researched already, it is not worth rewriting the thoughts and conclusions of others. Thesis Papers in Education: Custom ServiceIf thesis paper writing is something you have no time to do, you have an opportunity to try our writing services and get your thesis paper in education written from scratch by professional and educated writers. We do not work with ESL writers because your trust is very important for us. Our company has been in business for over 5 years and we have already helped thousands of students. You can become our client as well. It is very easy and safe to place an order at our site. Moreover, we guarantee free revisions and full refunds for missed deadlines!

Florida Bright Futures Requirements SAT, ACT, GPA, and More

Florida Bright Futures Requirements SAT, ACT, GPA, and More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Florida Bright Futures Scholarship programs are awesome education funding options for Florida state residents- if you can get through the application process, that is. The scholarships offered are particularly nitpicky and tedious about their eligibility requirements: the official handbook outlining these criteria is its own 14-page book chapter. Not to worry! I’ve outlined all the eligibility criteria for Florida Bright Futures Scholarships (general and specific, for each scholarship, with every single exception or special circumstance) in a way that’s a bit easier to get through. I’ve also included information about when to expect notification about your eligibility. Once you’re considered eligible, you’re one (big) step closer to winning a Bright Futures Scholarship. After you’ve processed all this information, I’ll get to the good stuff- how to increase your chances of winning your own Bright Futures award. What Are the Bright Futures Scholarships? Before we dive into eligibility for Bright Futures Scholarships, let's first briefly go over what the scholarships themselves offer. There are three different scholarship programs, all with different eligibility requirements and award amounts. Florida Academic Scholars (FAS) - This is the most competitive Bright Futures scholarship and the most generous one. It's geared towards â€Å"A students." FAS winners canreceive funding for the entire duration of their course of study. Florida Merit Scholars (FMS) - This scholarship is less competitive than the FAS, but it still has relatively high minimum test score and GPA requirements. It's geared towards "B students." FMS winners canreceive funding for the entire duration of their course of study. Gold Seal Vocational Scholars (GSV) - This scholarship helps students pursuepost-high school vocational and certificate degrees. It's the least competitive award and provides the least amount of funding. GSV winners can receive scholarship funding for up to 72 credit hours of a technical degree program or career certificate program or up to 60 credit hours of an applied technology degree program. General Bright Futures Requirements There are a few different Bright Futures awards, but these blanket requirements apply to all of them (unless otherwise mentioned later on in the post). In order to qualify for one of these awards, you must: Be a Florida state resident and US citizen or eligible noncitizen (noncitizen eligibility is determined by your college) Complete the Florida Financial Aid Application (FFAA) by 8/31 the year of your high school graduation Earn a standard Florida high school diploma or its equivalent from a Florida public high school or a registered Florida Department of Education private school Not have been convicted of (or pleaded no contest to) a felony charge Be accepted by and enroll in a degree or certificate program at an eligibleFlorida public or independent postsecondary institution Be enrolled for at least six (non-remedial) credit hours per term If you meet all of the above requirements, you're on the right track to getting your own Florida Bright Futures awards. Specific Scholarship Requirements The different Bright Futures scholarship awards have slightly different academic eligibility requirements. Use this info to determine which scholarship award might be the best match for you. Florida Academic Scholars (FAS) and Florida Medallion Scholars (FMS) Requirements There are certain minimum requirements for high school coursework, GPA, ACT/SAT scores, and service hours that must be met to qualify for either of these programs. You'll have to meet the requirements in all of these domains in order to be eligible for an award. If you've won another academic award, you may have an easier time qualifying for an FAS or FMS award- I'll talk about why and how after discussing allacademic requirements. Coursework We'll start off with the easiest of the eligibility criteria- I've laid out here all the high school classes you need to have taken in order to qualify for an award. The good news is that most high schools require students to take these classes anyways, so barring any special circumstances, you should meet these requirements. This chart outlines coursework requirements for both the FAS and FMS scholarships: High School Course Credits Required Comments English 4 Three must include substantial writing Mathematics 4 Must be at or above Algebra I level Natural Science 3 Two must have substantial lab work Social Science 3 World Language* 2 Must be sequential, and in the same language * A note about the World Language requirements: if you haven't taken the necessary courses, youcan meet this requirement by demonstrating proficiency on credit-by-exam equivalencies or other â€Å"university-approved† means. What this means is if you can test out of your language in college, you’ll probably also meet this language requirement even if you didn’t take two sequential language courses in high school. GPA, ACT/SAT, and Service Hours You'll need to demonstrate a degree of academic and community service excellence in order to qualify for either the FAS or FMS programs. You'll notice, though, that the FMS program is a bit less competitive in its minimum requirements. I've laid all of these eligibility criteria out in one chart so you can easily compare requirements for both programs: SCHOLARSHIP WEIGHTED GPA MINIMUM ACT MINIMUM SAT MINIMUM SERVICE HOURS FAS 3.50 29 1290 100 hours FMS 3.00 26 70 75 hours FMS- Homeschooled students without official transcripts 3.00 27 1220 75 hours A few important notes: You'll only need to submit scores from one standardized test- you don't need to meet score requirements for both the SAT and the ACT The SAT/ACT minimums do not include the writing section. All service hours must be completed by your high school graduation in order to count for the award. Future Changes to SAT Requirements The SAT requirements listed above are only valid for students graduating high school through 2020.Florida legislature recently passed a billthat will raise the SAT minimums for students graduating in 2021 and beyond. It's estimated that the SAT minimum forFAS will be raised from 1290 to 1330 andFMS from 70 to 1200. (The homeschooled FMS SAT requirement will likely be raised as well, but the exact amount hasn't been determined yet.) Here are some alternative options for those who like to venture off the beaten path. Other Ways to Qualify for the FAS or FMS Programs If you’ve received academic recognition through some other program, you may be eligible for the Florida Bright Futures Scholarship programs even if you don’t meet a few requirements. This chart outlines the eligibility requirements for scholars who have been recognized by any of the programs listed below. If a box is blank, that means thatyou would be exempt from that particular requirement. Program Florida Scholarship ACT/SAT Score Minimums Service Hours Minimums National Merit/National Achievement Finalists and Scholars FAS 100 hours NM/NA Finalists Scholars FMS 75 hours National Hispanic Scholars FAS 100 hours National Hispanic Scholars FMS 75 hours AICE Diploma FAS 100 hours AICE Diploma FMS 75 hours IB Diploma FAS AICE Curriculum FAS 29 or 1290 100 hours AICE Curriculum FMS 26 or 70 75 hours IB Curriculum FAS 29 or 1290 IB Curriculum FMS 26 or 70 If you have an IB diploma, you're in luck- that diploma is the only way to qualify for the FAS program without an ACT/SAT minimum or service hour minimum. Gold Seal Vocational Scholars (GSV) Requirements The GSV program is a bit less competitive in terms of its academic eligibility requirements than the FAS or FMS programs. Although this makes it a great fit for some students, keep in mind that the GSV award can only be used to fund a career education or certificate program- no four year college degrees. In order to qualify for the GSV program, you must meet all of the following criteria: Must graduate from high school with a standard diploma Must have a minimum unweighted 3.0 GPA in non-elective high school courses Must complete 30 service hours by high school graduation Must take at least three full credits in a single career and technical education program Must achieve a minimum 3.5 unweighted GPA in your career education classes There are also some minimum test score requirements for GSV applicants; if you’ve taken both the SAT and the ACT, you unfortunately can’t mix and match section subscores between the two tests to meet minimums; you can, however, superscore across multiple test dates for the same test (e.g., if you take the SAT twice). All minimums must be met for either the SAT or ACT (but ultimately, you only have to take either the SAT or the ACT!) This chart outlines GSV test score minimums: Exam Subsection Score Minimum ACT English 17 Reading 19 Math 19 SAT Critical Reading 440 Math 440 P.E.R.T Reading 106 Writing 103 Math 4 Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Special Circumstances: What If You Don't Think You Qualify? Feeling left out of all the scholarship fun? You could still be eligible! As you can see, the eligibility requirements for the Florida Bright Futures awards are quite specific. Perhaps fortunately for you, there are just as many exceptions to these rules as there are actual rules. If you were homeschooled, have a GED, or live out of state, you still might qualify for the award even given the stringent criteria described above. Homeschooled Students If you were homeschooled and don't have a Florida state standard diploma, you still may qualify for a Bright Futures award if: You meet all of the general requirements described at the beginning of this post You were registered in the district where you live for grades -12 GED Students In order to qualify for a Bright Futures award as a GED student, you mustmeet the coursework requirements and GPA requirements outlined at the beginning of this post before taking the GED exam.The processof applying or qualifying for an award won't be much different than that of a student with a standard high school diploma. Just keep in mind thatyour eligibility for a scholarship will be determined in the academic year in which your GED is earned. Out-of-State Students Usually, only Florida residents can qualify for the Florida Bright Futures scholarships (not a huge surprise there).If you earned a high school diploma from a non-Florida school while living with a parent or guardian who was on military or public service assignment outside of Florida, you may still be eligible.Keep in mind, though, that this parent must be a Florida resident. When Do You Learn Whether You're Deemed Eligible for a Bright Futures Scholarship? These eligibility qualifications above are tedious, to say the least. There are a couple of different official steps in place to determining program eligibility- these are implemented in order to make sure you’re checking off all the right boxes. Early Evaluations One option that the Bright Futures scholarship program offers is an early eligibility evaluation. If you submit transcripts and test scores to the Florida Department of Education early in your 7th semester of high school (think late winter your senior year), you’ll receive an â€Å"eligibility or ineligibility determination.† These eligibility decisions should be posted starting in March. Although an ineligible determination is not ideal, it may save you a good chunk of time- you won’t have to submit a whole application for a scholarship program that you won’t be considered for. Final Evaluations Once your final transcripts are submitted after your graduate high school, you’ll get an eligibility determination posted to your online account. The scholarship program will begin posting these determinations in July. How Do You Optimize Your Eligibility Chances? Ready to get started? Now that you know all about the Florida Bright Futures eligibility rules, you can start working on maximizing your chances of winning a scholarship.Many of the important eligibility requirements are long-term considerations, in the sense that you’ll have to plan out and work for the requirements starting your freshman year of high school. Here, I'll go through all the award criteria, giving tips and strategies to meet minimum coursework, GPA, test score, and service hour minimums. Coursework Like I mentioned earlier, most high schools require students to take the courses necessary to qualify for the Bright Futures awards. If you’re worried you won’t meet the course requirements criteria, schedule a meeting with your guidance counselor ASAP to see if you can work in extra course credits before graduation. GPA GPA requirements are easier to meet when they’ve been maintained over several years. If you’re just missing the GPA cutoff requirements, you should consider: Whether your GPA is weighted or unweighted.A weighted GPA will be higher than an unweighted one if you’ve taken any advanced or honors classes. Seeing your teachers after class or after school for extra help in your weaker subject areas. Asking your teachers if there are any extra credit projects or assignments you can complete in order to bring up your grades. The GPA requirement is lower for the FMS than the FAS scholarship- if you don’t meet the criteria forthe FAS, you may meet them for the FMS. ACT/SAT Test scores might be a sticking point for many students.The ACT/SAT minimums for both the FMS and FAS scholarship are pretty high- for example, the ACT scores required are at the 93rd and 87th percentiles. Here's what you can do to increase your chances of meeting those minimum scores: Start preparing for and taking the tests early on in high school. There’s no maximum number of times you can take the test in order to qualify for the scholarship. If you’re worried about achieving these test scores, plan on starting your sophomore year if possible. Decide whether you’re better off taking the SAT or ACT. Focus on one test instead of trying to do well on both. Don't have a lot of time to bring up your scores? Check out our ACT and SAT fast prep guides. Service Hours It would not be fun to try to fit in 75-100 service hours in the few months before high school graduation (remember that your service hours all have to be completed before you get your diploma). If you start volunteering as a freshman, you’ll only have to volunteer for an hour every 2-3 weeks in order to meet these minimums; if you start as a senior, however, you’ll have to volunteer 1.5-2 hours every week. So how do you stay on track? Find something that you're passionate about. Are there any interests that you want to explore, especially any related to future career paths? You could gain service hours and professional experience at the same time. Ask friends or family members if there are any service activities that they would recommend. Maybe you could volunteer together! Volunteer at the same time, on the same day, every week. Having a set schedule will help you keep your commitment. Don’t be afraid to switch it up. You have 75-100 required community service hours, but they don’t all have to be at the same place. If you’re losing interest, or if something just isn’t a good fit, it’s okay to try something else. Don’t just switch it up for the sake of switching, though- appearing flaky could hurt potential professional development and even your college applications. Volunteer with an established, legitimate agency. You want an organization that’s reliable enough to provide good documentation of your service hours when asked. Keep your own records of service hours as a backup. What's Next? Need more information on Bright Futures scholarships?Our guide to Bright Futures Scholarship programs answers all the questions you're wondering about. Ready to get started on your Bright Futures application?Follow our step-by-step guide on Bright Futures applications for all the information you need to create a top-notch application. Interested in more community service ideas? Check out our guide to 129 great community service projects. You may alsobe interested in other community service-based scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Adipose Tissue and Resveratrol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adipose Tissue and Resveratrol - Essay Example Several studies found that Resveratrol, a plant-produced polyphenolic flavonoid, delays age-related diseases later in the lives of young laboratory animals, and alleviates existing conditions of various health illnesses, such as obesity. This substance is abundant in grape skin, nuts, and pomegranates. The mechanism by which it acts was found to be similar to that of Dietary or Caloric Restriction (DR or CR), or reduction of food intake by 30-50% by every-other-day feeding. DR has been found to delay the onset of the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and subsequent diseases and functional decline. Despite its health-improving effects, it has its contraindications. It is not suitable for the weak and ill, because they need the calories for energy. Following DR also requires enormous amount of discipline, as it demands a change in eating habits and lifestyles. Thus, there is interest in developing substances that mimics the health-improving action of DR (Pearson, et al., 2008) Ac tion on Adipose Tissue Resveratrol is found to activate sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1 that acts on PGC1a, which, in turn, unregulating mitochondrial gene expression and subsequently increasing metabolic efficiency (Pearson et al., 2008; Koi and Montminy, 2006). Several studies have already determined its action on various tissues and on various animals. This paper focuses on the polyphenol’s action on adipose tissues.

Death penalty for specifically identified egregious crimes Essay

Death penalty for specifically identified egregious crimes - Essay Example Retreat From the Death Penalty†, it was revealed that more criminal justice practitioners and scholars have expressed increasing opposing arguments in terms of the effectiveness of capital punishment in servicing the paramount purpose for its imposition: deterrence and retribution. As emphasized, â€Å"a distinguished committee of scholars convened by the National Research Council found that there is no useful evidence to determine if the death penalty deters serious crimes† (America’s Retreat From the Death Penalty par. 2). The result was an apparent decline in the number of executions, from a high of 98 executions in 1999 up to only 43 executions in 2012 (Facts About Death Penalty). There are still a reported number of 33 states which were noted to concur on capital punishment; and only 17 were identified as non-death penalty states (Facts About Death Penalty). At the rate that the number of executions have apparently been manifested to be on a declining trend, only confirms that the national consensus against its continued implementation has been openly relayed. One strongly believes that capital punishment is not the most effective means for crime deterrence; since it only perpetuates a system of revenge through taking the life of the perpetuator. The preservation of life has been regarded as paramount to human values and beliefs and thus, killing and taking another person’s life, to replace one that was unjustly lost, does not justify the wrong that has been done.